Royalty-Plumbing-toilet

Do Not Flush! Surprising Things That Should Never Be Put Into A Sewer System

One room that we often use without thinking much about is the bathroom. When duty calls, one must answer, and that usually means not contemplating the inner workings of a toilet bowl or the plumbing connected to it. Additionally, since toilets last several decades, some may not consider the wear and tear the system is constantly undertaking. Drains and plumbing lines can take on a lot, but there are ways that a perfect plan can get interrupted. In some cases, putting certain items down a toilet or even another drain throughout the house is a matter of general public safety. Even as tempting as it can be, here are some surprising items to avoid flushing down the toilet or putting down a sink drain:

Medications

People are often surprised to hear that dumping old or expired pills down the sink could be problematic. In such a circumstance, they may wonder why it is okay to go into our bodies and not into our plumbing. It’s fair to wonder about such a thing. The reason is that medications flushed down a drain often end up in other bodies of water, like streams or lakes. Fish and local wildlife use that water and can be affected by pharmaceutical chemicals. Instead, dispose of unused and expired medications at a local recycling center.

Sanitation and hygiene products

The absorbent material of tampons and pads is notorious for clogging drains. Other items that require drain snakes or professional drain cleaning are paper towels, napkins, cotton balls, diapers, baby wipes, cotton swabs, and cleansing wipes. Unfortunately, many people view these items as similar to toilet paper and think it won’t make a difference flushing it. On the contrary, sanitation and other hygiene products build up in the system and take a long time to break down, so they should be tossed in a trash receptacle.

Food grease and fats

While it may not be a total surprise that food grease backs up the drain, many people still pour hot cooking oil and fat into their sinks. The plumbing industry even came up with a name for these fatty liquids to circumvent them going down the drain. Unfortunately, fats, oils, and grease (FOGs) harden when they cool, creating nasty blockages in the plumbing system. To properly dispose of FOGs, let them cool, then compost or throw them away.

Other inorganic waste

While a child’s or pet’s toy in the toilet often ends up there by mistake, or during an otherwise innocent game, they can clog the toilet bowl. Toys, plastic parts, metals, and other materials that would not break down easily should steer clear of your drains. If these pieces make it further down the plumbing line, it creates stress and may disrupt the wastewater getting to its next destination.

Sustainable waste disposal is key

For any items that have a way to be recycled, it’s good to know where your local recycling center is and what types of things they accept. For example, some recycling centers take batteries, old medications, or electronics, whereas others are designed specifically for hazardous liquids or materials. For recycling locations by county, visit the Nevada Recycles website here. We suggest sending only small amounts of organic matter and throwing the rest out in the general trash.

Preserve your sewer system

Avoid flushing the wrong items and extend the life of your system. We’ve found the simplest way to know what to flush down a toilet is by sticking to these three things: number 1, number 2, and toilet paper. Simple as that!

Royalty Plumbing offers high-quality residential plumbing services in the areas of Las Vegas, Henderson, North Las Vegas, and Summerlin.

royalty-plumbing-pipes

What Causes a Cracked Plumbing Pipe?

A cracked plumbing pipe can lead to a major headache for homeowners, causing water damage and potentially costly repairs. Understanding the causes of pipe cracks is crucial for preventing such disasters.

Here are a few factors that can contribute to cracked pipes:

Age

Age is among the most common causes of cracked pipes. Pipes can become brittle and weak over time, especially if they comprise cast iron or galvanized steel. As pipes age, they can develop small cracks that eventually become larger ones, leading to leaks and other problems.

Wear and tear

Wear and tear can also cause plumbing pipes to crack. Pipelines subjected to frequent use, high water pressure, or harsh chemicals can become damaged over time. This can include corrosion, erosion, or abrasion, all of which can weaken the pipe and eventually cause it to crack.

Improper installation

If pipes are incorrectly installed, they may undergo unnecessary stress or pressure that can cause them to crack. This can include improper fitting or tightening of connections, as well as an improper alignment or support of pipes.

Freezing temperatures

Freezing temperatures are another common cause of cracked pipes. When water freezes, it expands and puts pressure on pipelines, which can cause them to crack. It is especially true for pipes exposed to extreme cold, such as those located in unheated areas of a home or those not adequately insulated.

Tree roots

Although it’s not common, mature trees with roots growing near water lines can cause pipes to burst. These roots naturally grow towards the direction of the water pipeline, which can lead to a blockage. Even if the pipes are durable, the tree roots that wrap around the water system can put pressure on the pipeline until it ultimately bursts.

Blocked pipes

Over time, a buildup of debris, such as food waste, soap scum, grease, and other materials, can accumulate inside the pipes, leading to blockages. As a result, water pressure can increase and put extra stress on the pipes, potentially causing them to crack or rupture.

Poor maintenance

Neglecting regular inspections, improper repairs, lack of proper insulation, and failure to maintain clean pipes can all contribute to the development of cracks over time. A routine inspection by a professional plumber can identify potential problems before they become significant, allowing for timely repairs and preventive measures.

When to call a professional plumber

If one suspects a cracked plumbing pipe, it’s essential to address the problem as soon as possible. Ignoring the issue can lead to further damage that is more difficult and costly to repair. Call a professional plumber to inspect the pipes thoroughly to identify the source of the problem. They will advise on the best course of action for repair and maintenance.


Royalty Plumbing offers high-quality residential plumbing services in the areas of Las Vegas, Henderson, North Las Vegas, and Summerlin.

Royalty-plumbing-kitchen-fridge

Common Reasons a Refrigerator Isn’t Dispensing Water

A refrigerator water dispenser is among the most convenient kitchen additions, allowing the owner to pour water without opening the appliance. However, these devices are prone to various issues that can keep them from dispensing liquid.

This article outlines the main reasons a refrigerator won’t dispense water.

Clogged filter

Fridge dispensers have filters to help ensure pure water by eliminating contaminants. Over time, the devices can get clogged due to too many impurities, disrupting water flow.

If an owner suspects a clogged filter, they should contact a licensed plumber. A professional can replace the unit safely and efficiently to restore regular operation.

Faulty switch

A fridge contains many electrical parts responsible for the normal function of the water dispenser. One of them is the door switch. It allows people to extract water when the door is closed. But a faulty switch can keep the dispenser from working.

The most reliable solution is to contact a plumbing professional. After consulting the instruction manual, they can determine whether the switch needs repair or replacement.

Bad water supply

The water dispenser might not dispense ice or water due to an insufficient water supply. There are a few issues that may affect the water supply.

  • Broken or malfunctioning inlet valve: The inlet valve is the critical component of any water dispenser. If it’s faulty or damaged, it may not be able to stay shut or open fully, which restricts water flow. The only solution might be to replace the unit.
  • Poor water pressure: The dispenser uses the inlet valve to receive water when open and shut off the water supply when closed. However, the valve operation depends on the house’s water pressure. If the mainline has poor pressure, the unit won’t be able to dispense water efficiently. Expert plumbers can determine and fix the cause of the problem.
  • Frozen or kinked line: The fridge connects to the main water supply via a line. If it’s frozen or kinked, the dispenser may not be able to dispense water. It needs to be straightened or defrosted, depending on the issue.

Malfunctioning control board

Water dispensers feature control boards to manage virtually all system functions. Several parts of this unit can break down and hinder the functionality of the entire dispenser. DIY diagnostics and repairs are ill-advised, so reach out to a professional.

Work with a trusted plumber to fix water dispenser problems

Homeowners who try to repair a dispenser can do more harm than good if they don’t have the right tools and experience. Hence, it’s best to contact a professional plumbing service whenever the unit malfunctions. They can identify and address the cause in no time.



Royalty Plumbing offers high-quality residential plumbing services in the areas of Las Vegas, Henderson, North Las Vegas, and Summerlin.

Royalty-plumbing-clogged-sewer

How to Tell if a Sewer Line is Clogged

A home’s main sewer line removes the wastewater and transports it to a municipality’s water treatment plant through a series of pipes. Unfortunately, sometimes a home’s sewer line can become clogged. 

This potentially costly and messy condition requires immediate attention. The cause could be damaged pipes, multiple plumbing blockages, or other culprits. Here’s how to tell if a sewer line is clogged:

Backed-up water

A common sign of a clogged sewer line is water backing into sinks or toilets. Water should never come up from drains. Sometimes when water backs up into a sink, it will be accompanied by an unnatural gurgling sound. If water backs up into multiple sinks, this is an indication that the home’s sewer line could be clogged.

If a toilet is flushed and water immediately backs up in the tub or shower, this also indicates a sewer line clog.

Water drains slowly

It’s common for an individual drain to become clogged with hair, food particles, and other items. If water drains slowly from multiple sinks and showers, this is a red flag of a bigger issue. A clogged sewer line will affect all drains since it’s the primary plumbing that removes wastewater from the entire house.

Foul odors

A sign of a clogged sewer line is the presence of bad smells from drains. If the smell is accompanied by sewage being pushed back up out of the drains, this is a surefire sign of a clogged sewer line.

Standing water in the yard

A sign of a backed-up or damaged sewer line is the presence of wet patches of lawn that never go away. Sewer lines are buried several feet below the surface, and it can take some time for the wastewater to reach the surface. Sometimes homeowners will experience a foul odor from a section of the lawn, which indicates a sewer line issue.

Another outdoor symptom to look for is a patch of lawn that is unnaturally green or is thriving much better than the rest of the property. This could be caused by a sewer line leak feeding the grass with the home’s wastewater.

Washing machine drainage issues

When running a washing machine, if the water drains out between cycles and the home’s toilets overflow, this is another symptom of sewer line problems. Likewise, if the bathtub or shower frequently backs up when washing clothes, the culprit is most likely a clogged sewer line.

Contact a professional

Draining issues, foul odors, and wet patches of lawn are all common signs of a clogged sewer line. To determine if this is the culprit, consult with a licensed plumber. A plumbing professional can quickly assess the issue and remedy the problem. Backed-up sewage can pose numerous health-related issues and should be remedied as quickly as possible.


Royalty Plumbing offers high-quality residential plumbing services in the areas of Las Vegas, Henderson, North Las Vegas, and Summerlin

Royalty-plumbing-home-owner-guide

A Basic Home Owner Drain Maintenance Guide

Homeowners who have experienced clogged drains understand how messy, inconvenient, and sometimes expensive it can get to get rid of the clogs. A home’s drainage system is an intricate system of pipes connected to safely eliminate solid waste and wastewater and prevent sewer gas from making its way into the home’s living spaces. Unfortunately, as the drains remain out of sight, most people often ignore them, resulting in clogs and other severe plumbing issues.

The only way to keep the drains functioning optimally and ensure the good overall health of the home plumbing system is to invest in their regular care and maintenance. 

Here is a simple maintenance guide for homeowners to help them keep their drains clog-free and in the best possible shape:

Do not put certain items down the drains

An essential thing that every family member should understand is that they should never put certain items down the drain. For example, avoid pouring liquid fats, oil, and grease into the drain. When these substances cool, they solidify and cling to the inside of the pipes, eventually leading to severe clogs. 

Some other things that should not enter the drains are eggshells, coffee grounds, fruit peels, unused medications, hair, soap scum, baby wipes, feminine hygiene products, cotton balls, diapers, and toxic chemicals. Consider installing drain traps over the sink opening to collect hair, soap scum, and food crumbs and prevent them from flowing down the drain.

Follow the best DIY drain cleaning practices

Another tip for drain upkeep is to flush them with hot water every week, especially the kitchen drains. After pouring hot water, open the taps to let the cold water run. While the hot water cleans trapped particles and loosens the debris, cold water flushes out the loosened materials to clean the drains. Alternatively, pour a half-cup of baking soda into the drains, then pour an equal quantity of vinegar. Let it sit overnight before flushing out the drain with hot water. 

Avoid chemical drain cleaners

Although chemical drain cleaners may seem effective in breaking down the clogs, experts do not recommend using them as they do more harm than good. The problem with drain cleaners is they contain harmful chemicals, and their repeated use can damage the pipes and cause more clogs. In addition, over-the-counter drain cleaners can create toxic fumes and lead to chemical burns. They are also dangerous for children and also harmful to the environment. 

Keep clog removal tools handy

Every household should have essential tools like an auger, drain snake, and plunger to remove big and small clogs and keep the drains clean. These tools help unclog drains and prevent plumbing disasters. While plungers work well on minor clogs, a snake can clear stubborn clogs. 

Call a professional plumber for occasional drain cleaning

Invest in annual drain cleaning by professionals to ensure they perform seamlessly throughout the year. Regular inspections and cleaning by a trained and qualified plumber prevent major clogs and other severe drain issues down the line. Calling a professional to clean the drains yearly is far less expensive than dealing with significant clogs and plumbing emergencies. 

Practicing regular drain maintenance keeps the drain functioning like new. Reach out to a local plumber to learn more ways to clean and maintain the drains.


Royalty Plumbing offers high-quality residential plumbing services in the areas of Las Vegas, Henderson, North Las Vegas, and Summerlin.

Royalty-plumbing-water-heater

Tank vs. Tankless Water Heater: Which is Better?

A water heater is a necessary part of every home. When it’s time to purchase a new one, either due to the current one malfunctioning or to upgrade the home, there are two choices. Many homeowners want to know if a tank or tankless water heater is best.

Both types of water heaters have pros and cons, and it’s up to the individual to decide which is the more appropriate purchase. Size, cost, and functionality should all be considered. A plumbing professional can provide all the answers required to make an informed decision.

What is a storage-tank water heater?

A water heater with a reservoir for water is the type that most people are used to seeing in a home. It consists of a large reservoir filled with water and heated by the home’s fuel source. Depending on the capacity, they store anywhere from 20 to 80 gallons of water.

Pros and cons

The water at the tank’s top is heated, and whenever there’s hot water demand, it’s pumped to the desired location. Then, cold water is replaced in the tank’s bottom, and the heating process repeats itself. Therefore, there’s always an available hot water supply, although it needs to be constantly heated.

A storage tank water heater is much cheaper to purchase and install than the tankless style. However, the water needs to be constantly heated, which results in increased energy consumption. In addition, storage tanks are large and take up a lot of room compared to the tankless style. The typical lifespan is approximately 10 to 15 years. There’s also the possibility of the tank leaking water over time.

What is a tankless water heater?

This type of heater only heats the water on an as-needed basis. Like a storage tank heater, the water is heated using the home’s fuel source. However, a tankless water heater only heats the water when needed. This can significantly save on fuel consumption costs.

Pros and cons

Water is heated quickly and supplied to its desired source. This includes energy cost savings since water doesn’t need to be constantly heated by a fuel source. Because the units are small, they don’t take up a lot of space. With no storage tank, there’s never a fear of the reservoir leaking, leading to costly repairs.

Tankless water heaters are more expensive to purchase and install than conventional tank-style heaters. However, they have a much longer lifespan and should last around 20 years.

Consult a plumbing professional

A conventional tank-style water heater can save money upfront with its cheaper installation costs, but it could increase energy bills. Tankless styles are more energy efficient and don’t take up a lot of room. A plumbing professional can answer any questions regarding which option is better, tank or tankless.


Royalty Plumbing offers high-quality residential plumbing services in the areas of Las Vegas, Henderson, North Las Vegas, and Summerlin.

Royalty-plumbing-clogged-drain

Don’t Put These Things Down a Drain!

Homeowners taking care of their plumbing systems should also know what not to put down the drain. Even items that appear innocuous can cause significant problems for the plumbing system if allowed to go down a drain. 

This article discusses some of these problematic items.

Cooking grease and oil

Greasy buildup can adhere to pipes’ walls, causing clogs and eventual pipe damage. Pouring hot grease down the drain may seem like an excellent way to get rid of it, but it will only solidify once it cools off and cause even more problems. So instead, pour the grease into an empty can and throw it in the trash.

Food waste

No food waste should go down the drain. Even if pans, pots, and plates are rinsed well, food waste will eventually cause clogs. To avoid this problem, scrape food waste into the trash can before washing the dishes. If a garbage disposal unit has been installed, run cold water and avoid putting hard-to-grind items like celery or eggshells down the drain.

Coffee grounds

Most people think coffee grounds can go down the drain because they are small and easily washed away. However, over time coffee grounds can build up and create clogs. To avoid this problem, dispose of coffee grounds in the trash instead of washing them down the sink. 

Hair 

Hair can quickly become tangled around soap scum, food waste, and other debris flowing through the pipes. Invest in a hair catcher for the shower or bathroom sink to keep hair out of the drain. In addition, clean the drains regularly with a plunger or plumber’s snake to remove any hair trapped in the pipes.

Soap scum

Soap scum buildup can cause significant drainage issues. To prevent soap scum from clogging the drains, use a plumbing vent to help air circulate through the pipes and dissolve soap scum before it can harden on the walls. Regularly cleaning drains with a plunger or plumber’s snake will also help remove any soap scum in the pipes.

Medication

Many people are unaware that dumping medication down the drain can negatively affect the environment. 

When medication is flushed down the toilet or poured down the sink, it enters the water supply. From there, it can end up in lakes, rivers, and oceans. Fish and other aquatic creatures can be exposed to the medication and end up in the food chain.

In addition, medication dumped down the drain can end up in drinking water. As a result, it is essential to dispose of medication properly. The best way to do so is to take advantage of local drug take-back programs. These programs provide a safe and responsible way to dispose of unwanted or expired medication.

Don’t take chances!

It’s crucial to maintain high drainage standards and not take any chances. If there’s something that looks like it could be a problem, call a professional plumbing service right away. 

A little prevention now can prevent many headaches and later expensive repairs.


Royalty Plumbing offers high-quality residential plumbing services in the areas of Las Vegas, Henderson, North Las Vegas, and Summerlin.

Royalty+Plumbing-water-heater-2

Best Reasons to Replace a Water Heater

A water heater can give numerous signs showing that the device doesn’t operate effectively. While some issues can be repaired, others require a replacement. 

This article outlines the reasons to replace a heater in a commercial or residential building. 

Leaks

A leaking water heater needs urgent replacement. Most often, the cause is a pressure buildup inside the tank. The buildup happens when the temperature or water pressure gets too high or the heater’s relief valve has malfunctioned. 

Ignoring leaky water heaters can result in tank explosions and severe damage to the property. 

Leaky heater signs include corrosion, puddles, or moisture on and around the heater’s base. 

Rusty water 

Water that has changed its tint to reddish indicates that the water heater has issues. Likewise, metallic or rust-colored water indicates that the tank is rusting or that the sacrificial anode rod needs replacement. 

Knocking sounds 

When sediments accumulate inside a water tank, the knocking sounds may come from the element. The solid silt can travel around the tank and cause rumbling, banging, and gurgling sounds. 

Replacing a water heater is highly recommended if regular cleaning doesn’t help solve the problem. 

Cold water 

When the heater doesn’t warm water up, and the water remains cold even after switching to the hot tap, it indicates that one of the heating elements has failed. The cause of the issue determines whether the whole setup needs replacement or only the faulty element requires replacement.

Diminishing performance

When a water heater begins to perform poorly, it’s often the result of wear and tear or aging. Energy bills that skyrocket due to poor performance show that the element needs replacement. 

Murky water 

Cloudy water indicates a sediment buildup inside the water heater. It’s best to act immediately to prevent permanent damage and avoid replacing the whole unit. 

Other reasons to replace a water heater

Water heaters older than ten years aren’t adequately cared for and have significant wear and tear need replacement as soon as possible. 

When to consider repairs 

Water heaters don’t always require replacement. Sometimes, owners can get away with repairing one of the faulty elements. This can include the following:

  • Burner assembly
  • Thermostats
  • Heating element valves
  • Thermocouples
  • Motor igniters

If any of the abovementioned elements fails, it’s possible to replace the individual item only if there’s no damage to the rest of the heater. 

Also, if one of the replaceable components fails and the heater is less than ten years old, it may be fixable. 

Consider a professional inspection 

Home or business owners who believe their water heaters need replacement can also rely on professional water heater technicians for advice. An experienced individual can assess the damage done to the unit and determine whether the replacement should occur.

Royalty Plumbing offers high-quality residential plumbing services in the areas of Las Vegas, Henderson, North Las Vegas, and Summerlin.

Royalty-plumbing-kitchen-remodel

The Best Plumbing Upgrades for a Kitchen Remodel

A kitchen remodeling project can yield jaw-dropping results. Changes to the layout and aesthetic improvements can bring better space utilization and increase property value. This investment can also decrease water use and increase energy efficiency through plumbing upgrades. It is one facet of a kitchen remodel that can significantly influence its function.

Please keep reading for the best plumbing upgrade ideas for a kitchen remodel.

New pipework

At some point, old water lines will need new pipes. However, this should not be the main reason to remodel a kitchen. Instead, the kitchen may need replacement pipes installed when the following signs are present: leaks, noises, stained or discolored tubes, a funny taste to the water or water discoloration, etc.

The age of the plumbing is also a factor. If it dates to the early 1900s, there is a high chance that the pipes contain lead. Lead often leaks into drinking water and causes a severe health risk. From the 1970s to the 1990s, lead pipes were replaced with polybutylene. However, this type of pipe should be regularly checked out by a plumber, as while it is safer, it can also break easily.

Island sink

One of the most trendy additions considered in a kitchen remodel project is an island. However, a double sink or large single basin can enhance kitchen functionality. Adding a sink requires an extension of the kitchen plumbing, but the additional expense will likely pay off in the long term.

Garbage disposal

A garbage disposal unit offers the ultimate convenience when washing dishes. When minor pieces of food waste go down the sink, it’s processed faster, and there’s less trash to throw out. There are two styles of disposal units: the traditional wall-switch operated continuous feed model and the batch feed, designed to prevent objects from falling in.

Dishwasher

The best time to install a new dishwasher is during a kitchen remodel. Relocating an existing dishwasher to be more integrated with the rest of the kitchen may require plumbing repositioning. When looking for a dishwasher, there are a few factors to consider. First, countless options are available, so start with a price range to narrow down the possibilities. Next, list the essential features you require – the quietness of a high-end dishwasher, washing power, water conservation, or energy savings may be most important.

Discuss your kitchen remodeling project with a plumber

A kitchen remodeling project will transform your kitchen’s aesthetic and make the best use of space. It may also be required to help the kitchen fit in with modern standards. Plumbing services will inevitably be necessary, especially when modifying or replacing existing plumbing fixtures. To be sure these changes are well executed, consider discussing your ideas with a qualified plumber. They are experts in offering advice on plumbing fixtures, the best layout, and costs.


Royalty Plumbing offers high-quality residential plumbing services in the areas of Las Vegas, Henderson, North Las Vegas, and Summerlin.

Royalty-plumbing-safety-tips

Plumbing Safety Tips for the Laundry Room

The laundry room is one of the essential rooms in a house. It makes the tedious task of doing the laundry easier as everything is conveniently located in one place. However, due to the nature of this room, there’s always a potential for flooding.

As flooding can wreak havoc on a property, it’s crucial to stay proactive and avoid this unfortunate scenario. Please keep reading to learn what precautions are necessary to ensure maximum safety in a laundry room.

Adding a floor drain

A floor drain is an essential laundry room feature for convenience and safety reasons.

Leaks, burst pipes, and clogs in the washer drain create excess water that can cause an overflow when there’s no drain.

Apart from protecting the laundry room from overflowing, a floor drain protects the household members from slipping and falling due to wet floors.

Installing easily accessible water valves

Laundry room users can quickly prevent a flooding disaster by using a shutoff valve once they notice a leak. Therefore, it’s vital to have easily accessible water valves in the laundry room.

Older laundry rooms typically have a poor washer and dryer configuration, preventing access to the shutoff valve. Also, a stackable washer and dryer might offer limited access to this valuable valve.

Every second counts when there’s an emergency – frantically searching for the valve or trying to move appliances around to reach it can cost the homeowners a lot.

If household members can’t easily reach the shutoff valve, consider adding more accessible ones.

Installing an automatic washing machine shutoff valve

Unfortunately, homeowners aren’t always present to witness a malfunction in the laundry room and prevent flooding. It might be prudent, therefore, to consider installing an automatic washing machine shutoff valve.

These valves typically contain sensors mounted on the floor. If a hose breaks or the water valve pump malfunctions, the sensors detect water collecting and immediately shut off the valve.

This feature can give homeowners peace of mind as flooding from washing machine mishaps is common.

Keeping the hoses intact

Supply hoses are among the most common sources of leaks in the laundry room. For that reason, homeowners should prioritize taking good care of the hoses.

Older hoses tend to crack, so homeowners should consider replacing them before they can cause any problems.

In general, most hoses will wear out over time. Therefore, they should be checked regularly. If they reveal any signs of cracking, it’s time for a replacement. When looking for new hoses, try to purchase high-quality products that will last longer and handle the strain of water pressure without bursting.

Consult a professional

When looking to upgrade the laundry room, it’s best to consult a reliable plumbing service. They will help homeowners make an informed decision and install the additions quickly and safely.

Royalty Plumbing offers high-quality residential plumbing services in the areas of Las Vegas, Henderson, North Las Vegas, and Summerlin.